Uncovering the History of Australia Day: A Day of Reflection and Storytelling

Australia Day, celebrated on 26 January, is a date that stirs mixed emotions across the nation. For some, it’s a day to celebrate the rich tapestry of Australian culture, achievements, and unity. For others, it is a day of mourning, marking the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788 and the beginning of a painful chapter for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

When the First Fleet arrived in Sydney Cove in 1788 from England, the Gadigal people of the Eora Nation lived along the waterways, relying on fishing, hunting and gathering. Their arrival marked significant disruption, including loss of land, introduction of diseases and violent conflicts.

At Stories Unseen, we believe in exploring the stories that shape us—past, present, and future. The history of Australia Day is one such story, steeped in complexity and worth understanding.

The Beginnings: A Broader Context

While establishing a British colony in 1788 is the historical basis for Australia Day, the history of exploration and connection to this land extends far beyond that.

Long before the British, other explorers visited these shores:

• Makassan Traders (1600s): Makassan fishermen from modern-day Indonesia had been visiting northern Australia for centuries, trading with Indigenous Australians and exchanging knowledge.

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  Dutch Explorers (1606): Willem Janszoon, aboard the Duyfken, was the first European to land on Australian soil, mapping part of the Gulf of Carpentaria. Later, explorers like Dirk Hartog (1616) and Abel Tasman (1642) further charted parts of the Australian coastline.

• Portuguese Theories: Some historians suggest that Portuguese explorers might have reached Australian shores as early as the 16th century, based on old maps and theories, though this remains debated.

• French Expeditions (1700s): Explorers like Nicolas Baudin and Louis de Freycinet charted significant parts of Australia, often working in parallel with British efforts during the Age of Exploration.

• Chinese Influence: There’s evidence to suggest early Chinese sailors may have known of or visited the northern regions of Australia before European contact.

A Contested Legacy

For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, 26 January symbolises the invasion of their lands, the displacement of their cultures, and the loss of countless lives. This day is often referred to as Invasion Day or Survival Day, highlighting the resilience of First Nations peoples and their continuous connection to country.

The history of exploration only underscores that Australia’s story is not singular. It’s one of diverse interactions with this land over millennia, from the 65,000+ years of Indigenous stewardship to the more recent chapters written by global explorers.

Modern Reflections

In recent years, the conversation around Australia Day has intensified. Many Australians are calling for the date to change to better reflect inclusivity and unity. Events like Survival Day concerts and ceremonies offer opportunities to listen to and learn from Indigenous voices, fostering a greater understanding of Australia’s shared history.

Why These Stories Matter

As an organisation dedicated to uncovering untold stories, we see Australia Day as a moment to pause, reflect, and learn. Understanding the layers of history behind this day helps us move toward a future that honours the diversity and complexity of our nation’s identity.

This Australia Day, we invite you to explore the stories that have shaped this land.

Let’s listen, learn, and share, ensuring that the narratives of all Australians are seen, heard, and respected.

#ExploreMore with Stories Unseen.